Homologous Chromosomes

Homologous Chromosomes (pronunciation: ho·mo·lo·gous chro·mo·somes) are a pair of chromosomes that are identical in shape and size and contain the same genes at the same locations. They are derived from each parent, one from the mother and one from the father, and are crucial for sexual reproduction.

Etymology

The term "Homologous Chromosomes" comes from the Greek words 'homos' meaning same and 'logos' meaning relation. It refers to the identical nature and relationship of these chromosomes.

Function

Homologous Chromosomes play a vital role in the process of meiosis, where they pair up and exchange segments of DNA in a process known as crossing over. This leads to genetic variation in offspring.

Related Terms

Allele: Different versions of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Diploid: A cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent.
Haploid: A cell or organism that has a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
Genotype: The genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Phenotype: The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.