Heavy metals
Heavy metals
Heavy metals (pronunciation: /ˈhɛvi ˈmɛtəlz/) are a group of metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers. The criteria used, and whether metalloids are included, vary depending on the author and context. In metallurgy, for example, a heavy metal may be defined on the basis of density, whereas in physics the distinguishing criterion might be atomic number, while a chemist would likely be more concerned with chemical behaviour.
Etymology
The term "heavy metal" is somewhat imprecise and has been used in various contexts. It originated in the field of metallurgy, where the density of a metal or alloy is an important factor in determining its mechanical properties. In this context, "heavy" means "dense". The term has since been adapted for use in the fields of chemistry and environmental science, where it is often used to refer to metals and metalloids that are toxic or environmentally hazardous.
Related terms
- Toxicology: The study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms.
- Metallurgy: The science and technology of metals.
- Chemistry: The study of matter and its interactions with energy and itself.
- Environmental science: The study of the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment and their interactions.
- Metalloid: A chemical element that has properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals.
Heavy metals in medicine
In medicine, heavy metals are of concern due to their toxicity to humans. Some heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, are toxic even in low concentrations. They can accumulate in the body and cause a variety of health problems, including damage to the nervous system, kidneys, and other organs. Other heavy metals, such as iron, copper, and zinc, are essential nutrients that can be harmful in excess.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Heavy metals
- Wikipedia's article - Heavy metals
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