Genome duplication
Genome Duplication
Genome duplication (pronunciation: /ˈdʒiːnoʊm ˌdjuːplɪˈkeɪʃən/) is a process by which an organism's entire genetic material, or genome, is duplicated. This process is a significant source of genetic variation and is a key mechanism in the evolution of species.
Etymology
The term "genome duplication" is derived from the Greek words "genoma" meaning "gene" and "duplikation" meaning "doubling".
Process
Genome duplication can occur through various mechanisms, including polyploidy, where an organism acquires more than two sets of chromosomes, and aneuploidy, where an organism gains or loses individual chromosomes.
Significance
Genome duplication plays a crucial role in evolution. It provides raw material for evolution by creating genetic redundancy, allowing one copy of a gene to mutate and potentially acquire new functions while the other copy continues to perform its original function. This process is known as neofunctionalization.
Related Terms
- Polyploidy: The condition of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes.
- Aneuploidy: The presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.
- Neofunctionalization: The process by which a gene acquires a new function after a duplication event.
- Genetic Variation: The difference in DNA sequence among individuals, groups, or populations.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Genome duplication
- Wikipedia's article - Genome duplication
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