Geneva Conventions

The Geneva Conventions (/dʒɪˈniːvə/; French: Conventions de Genève) are a series of international treaties that establish standards for humanitarian treatment in war. The conventions were established in Geneva, Switzerland, and have been ratified by nearly every country in the world.

Etymology

The term "Geneva Conventions" is derived from the city of Geneva, where the conventions were first established. The word "convention" comes from the Latin conventio, meaning "agreement" or "meeting".

History

The first Geneva Convention was held in 1864, and focused on the treatment of wounded soldiers in the field. Subsequent conventions expanded the scope to include the treatment of prisoners of war and civilians. The most recent version of the conventions was adopted in 1949, and additional protocols were added in 1977 and 2005.

Key Provisions

The Geneva Conventions cover a wide range of topics, but some of the most important provisions include:

The prohibition of torture and inhumane treatment
The requirement to care for wounded and sick soldiers
The protection of civilians in war zones
The rights of prisoners of war

Related Terms

International Humanitarian Law: The body of law that governs the conduct of armed conflict and seeks to limit its effects. It protects persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare.
Red Cross: An international humanitarian organization that played a key role in the development of the Geneva Conventions.
War Crime: A serious violation of the laws and customs of war, which gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Geneva Conventions
Wikipedia's article - Geneva Conventions

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Geneva Conventions