Genetic Code
Genetic Code
The Genetic Code (pronunciation: /dʒɪˈnɛtɪk koʊd/) is a set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins.
Etymology
The term "Genetic Code" is derived from the field of genetics, which studies heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. The word "code" refers to the system of rules to convert information—such as letters or symbols—into another form or representation.
Definition
The Genetic Code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. This process is known as protein synthesis. The code defines how sequences of these nucleotide triplets, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis.
Related Terms
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
- mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid, a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
- Protein Synthesis: The process in which cells build proteins according to the instructions in the DNA.
- Codons: A sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.
- Amino Acid: Organic compounds that combine to form proteins. There are 20 standard amino acids in total, which are specified by the Genetic Code.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Genetic Code
- Wikipedia's article - Genetic Code
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