Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin
Ethambutol/Isoniazid/Rifampicin
Ethambutol/Isoniazid/Rifampicin (pronunciation: eth-am-BYOO-tol / eye-so-NYE-a-zid / rif-AM-pi-sin) is a combination of three antibacterial drugs used primarily in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Etymology
The names of the three drugs in this combination have distinct origins. Ethambutol is derived from the Greek words 'ethane', meaning 'chain', and 'butyl', a type of hydrocarbon. Isoniazid is an acronym for isonicotinic acid hydrazide, the chemical name for the drug. Rifampicin is named after the bacteria Rifamces, from which it was first isolated.
Usage
Ethambutol/Isoniazid/Rifampicin is used to treat all forms of tuberculosis that are susceptible to the drugs. It is often used in combination with other drugs to prevent the development of drug resistance.
Mechanism of Action
Each drug in the Ethambutol/Isoniazid/Rifampicin combination works differently. Ethambutol inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. Isoniazid is a prodrug that is activated by the bacteria, inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acid, a component of the bacterial cell wall. Rifampicin inhibits the bacteria's RNA polymerase, preventing it from replicating.
Side Effects
Common side effects of Ethambutol/Isoniazid/Rifampicin include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. More serious side effects can include liver damage, nerve damage, and vision changes.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin
- Wikipedia's article - Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin
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