Epidermis (skin)
Epidermis (skin)
The Epidermis (pronounced: /ˌɛpɪˈdɜːrmɪs/) is the outermost layer of the skin, providing a waterproof barrier and creating our skin tone.
Etymology
The term "Epidermis" is derived from the Greek words "Epi" meaning "over" or "upon" and "Dermis" meaning "skin".
Structure
The Epidermis is composed primarily of keratinocytes, which produce the protein known as keratin. This layer of skin is responsible for keeping water in the body and keeping other harmful chemicals and pathogens out.
Layers of the Epidermis
The Epidermis itself is divided into several layers:
- Stratum Corneum: The outermost layer, composed of dead skin cells that shed periodically.
- Stratum Lucidum: A thin layer found only in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
- Stratum Granulosum: Where keratinocytes migrate up from the lower layers.
- Stratum Spinosum: Provides strength and flexibility to the skin.
- Stratum Basale: The deepest layer of the epidermis, where new skin cells are produced.
Functions
The primary function of the Epidermis is to protect the body from environmental damage. It also plays a key role in the production of new skin cells, provides the body with sensory capabilities, and aids in the immune response.
Related Terms
- Dermis: The layer of skin beneath the Epidermis.
- Hypodermis: The deepest layer of skin.
- Melanocytes: Cells found in the Epidermis that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.
- Keratinocytes: The primary cell type in the Epidermis, responsible for the production of keratin.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Epidermis (skin)
- Wikipedia's article - Epidermis (skin)
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