Drapetomania
Drapetomania (pronounced dra-pe-to-ma-ni-a) is a term that originated in the 19th century, specifically in the United States. It was used to describe a supposed mental illness that caused enslaved Africans to flee captivity. The term was coined by American physician Samuel A. Cartwright in 1851.
Etymology
The term "Drapetomania" is derived from the Greek words drapetes, meaning "runaway [slave]" and mania, meaning "madness".
Historical Context
In the 19th century, Drapetomania was considered a diagnosable mental illness in the United States. Samuel A. Cartwright, a physician from the Southern United States, proposed this diagnosis in an attempt to explain and justify the actions of enslaved Africans who sought freedom by escaping from their captors. Cartwright suggested that this "disease" was a consequence of masters who treated their slaves too leniently.
Criticism and Modern Perspective
The concept of Drapetomania was widely criticized and debunked, even during the time it was proposed. Today, it is considered an example of scientific racism, a pseudoscientific practice that misused science to justify racial prejudice and discrimination. The term is no longer in use in medical or psychiatric nomenclature.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Drapetomania
- Wikipedia's article - Drapetomania
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