Dose-response relationship

The Dose-response relationship (pronounced: dohs-rih-spons ri-lay-shun-ship) is a fundamental concept in Pharmacology and Toxicology, describing the change in effect on an organism caused by differing levels of exposure (or doses) to a stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. This may apply to individuals (e.g., a human or a cell) or populations (e.g., a pond or a forest).

Etymology

The term "Dose-response relationship" is derived from the fields of Pharmacology and Toxicology. "Dose" refers to the quantity of a substance that makes contact with the organism, while "response" refers to the reaction or effect that the organism exhibits as a result of the exposure.

Related Terms

Pharmacodynamics: The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
Pharmacokinetics: The study of how an organism affects a drug, in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Toxicity: The degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals.
Threshold dose: The dose below which no effect is observed and above which effects become increasingly apparent.
No-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL): The highest experimental point that is without an adverse effect.
Lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL): The lowest experimental point at which there is an observable adverse effect.

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Dose-response relationship