Decompressive craniectomy
Decompressive Craniectomy
Decompressive Craniectomy (de-com-press-ive cran-ee-ec-to-my) is a surgical procedure performed to relieve intracranial pressure in the skull. This procedure involves the removal of a part of the skull, allowing the brain to swell without being compressed.
Etymology
The term "Decompressive Craniectomy" is derived from the Latin words "decompressio" meaning "pressure relief", "cranium" meaning "skull", and "ectomy" meaning "removal".
Procedure
During a Decompressive Craniectomy, a large section of the skull is removed. The dura mater, a tough membrane that covers the brain, is then opened to allow the brain tissue to expand freely. This procedure is typically performed on patients suffering from severe brain injuries or stroke, where swelling of the brain (known as cerebral edema) can lead to life-threatening increases in intracranial pressure.
Risks and Complications
Like any surgical procedure, Decompressive Craniectomy carries certain risks and potential complications. These may include infection, bleeding, and damage to the brain tissue. There is also the risk of hydrocephalus, a condition where an excess of cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the brain.
Related Terms
- Craniotomy: A surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain.
- Hemicraniectomy: A type of decompressive craniectomy where half of the skull is removed.
- Intracranial pressure: The pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid.
- Cerebral edema: Swelling in the brain caused by the presence of excessive fluid.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Decompressive craniectomy
- Wikipedia's article - Decompressive craniectomy
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