Counterregulatory hormone

Counterregulatory hormones (pronunciation: /ˈkaʊntərˌrɛgjʊˌleɪtəri ˈhɔːrmoʊn/) are a group of hormones that work in opposition to insulin to regulate blood glucose levels.

Etymology

The term "counterregulatory" is derived from the Latin words "contra" meaning against and "regulare" meaning to control. The term "hormone" is derived from the Greek word "hormon" meaning to set in motion. Thus, counterregulatory hormones are those that act against the regulation of certain processes in the body.

Function

Counterregulatory hormones include glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine. These hormones increase blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis, and by decreasing glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. They are released in response to low blood glucose levels, stress, and during periods of fasting or intense exercise.

Related Terms

Glucagon: A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels.
Cortisol: A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that raises blood glucose levels and aids in metabolism.
Growth hormone: A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration.
Epinephrine: Also known as adrenaline, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels.
Gluconeogenesis: The process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
Glycogenolysis: The breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
Lipolysis: The breakdown of lipids to glycerol and free fatty acids.
Glucose uptake: The process by which cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Counterregulatory hormone
Wikipedia's article - Counterregulatory hormone

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Counterregulatory hormone