Cortical stimulation mapping
Cortical Stimulation Mapping
Cortical Stimulation Mapping (pronunciation: kor-ti-kal stim-yuh-ley-shuhn map-ing) is a neurosurgical technique used to identify and map the functional areas of the brain. This technique is often used during brain surgery to prevent damage to the functional areas that control speech, motor skills, and sensory perception.
Etymology
The term "Cortical Stimulation Mapping" is derived from three words. "Cortical" refers to the cortex, the outer layer of the brain. "Stimulation" refers to the act of provoking a response. "Mapping" refers to the process of creating a visual representation of a particular area.
Procedure
During the procedure of Cortical Stimulation Mapping, the patient is usually awake. The surgeon applies a small electrical current to various areas of the brain's surface. This current stimulates the brain cells in that area, causing a response that can be observed and recorded. The responses can help identify the functional areas of the brain.
Related Terms
- Cortex: The outer layer of the brain, involved in many higher brain functions.
- Neurosurgery: The medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system.
- Electrode: A conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an object, substance, or region.
- Neuron: A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.
Applications
Cortical Stimulation Mapping is primarily used in neurosurgery to identify functional areas of the brain before surgery. It helps to minimize the risk of damage to these areas during surgery. It is also used in research to study brain function and in the treatment of neurological disorders like epilepsy.
Risks and Complications
Like any surgical procedure, Cortical Stimulation Mapping carries some risks, including infection, bleeding, and reactions to anesthesia. Specific to this procedure, there may be a risk of inducing a seizure during the mapping process.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cortical stimulation mapping
- Wikipedia's article - Cortical stimulation mapping
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