Convergent Evolution

Convergent Evolution is a concept in biology that refers to the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.

Pronunciation

• /kənˈvɜːrdʒənt ɪˈvɒljuːʃən/

Etymology

The term "Convergent Evolution" is derived from the Latin word "convergere", meaning "to incline together", and the English word "evolution", which comes from the Latin "evolutio", meaning "unrolling".

Definition

Convergent Evolution is a process in evolutionary biology in which two distinct species evolve in a similar way due to similar environmental pressures, rather than being closely related through a common ancestor. This often results in species having similar physical traits and behaviours, despite their different genetic heritage.

Related Terms

• Adaptive radiation
• Parallel evolution
• Divergent evolution
• Natural selection
• Phenotype
• Genotype

Examples

Examples of convergent evolution include the similar nature of the flight/wings of insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats. All four serve the same function and are similar in structure, but each evolved independently.

See Also

• Evolution
• Biology
• Genetics
• Ecology

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Convergent Evolution
• Wikipedia's article - Convergent Evolution

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