Contrast agents
Contrast Agents
Contrast agents (pronunciation: /ˈkɒntrɑːst ˈeɪdʒənts/) are substances used to enhance the visibility of internal structures in radiographic studies. They are used to improve the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging.
Etymology
The term "contrast agent" is derived from the Latin contrā meaning "against" and agens meaning "doing". It refers to the agent's ability to create a contrast against the surrounding tissues in imaging studies.
Types of Contrast Agents
There are several types of contrast agents, each with their specific uses and characteristics:
- Iodinated contrast agents: These are commonly used in Computed Tomography (CT) scans. They contain iodine, which absorbs x-rays and appears white on the images.
- Gadolinium-based contrast agents: These are used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. Gadolinium enhances the quality of the MRI images.
- Barium sulfate: This is used in X-ray and CT scans of the digestive system. It is a white powder that is mixed with water and swallowed or given as an enema.
- Microbubble contrast agents: These are used in Ultrasound imaging. They are tiny gas-filled bubbles that reflect the ultrasound waves to create a clearer image.
Risks and Side Effects
While contrast agents are generally safe, they can cause side effects in some people. These can range from mild reactions like nausea and itching to more serious reactions like anaphylaxis. Patients with kidney disease may also be at risk of developing nephrogenic systemic fibrosis when given certain types of contrast agents.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Contrast agents
- Wikipedia's article - Contrast agents
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