Coagulase
Coagulase
Coagulase (/koʊˈæɡjʊleɪz/) is an enzyme produced by certain bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, that causes the clotting of blood. This enzyme plays a key role in the bacteria's virulence, helping it to evade the immune system.
Etymology
The term "coagulase" is derived from the Latin coagulare, which means "to cause to clot". It was first used in this context in the early 20th century.
Function
Coagulase works by converting fibrinogen, a protein found in blood, into fibrin, which is the main component of blood clots. This process is known as coagulation. By causing the blood to clot, the bacteria are able to create a protective barrier around themselves, shielding them from the immune system and allowing them to multiply.
Types
There are two types of coagulase: bound coagulase (also known as clumping factor) and free coagulase. Bound coagulase is attached to the bacterial cell wall, while free coagulase is secreted into the surrounding environment. Both types play a role in the coagulation process.
Clinical significance
The presence of coagulase is one of the main factors used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from other, less harmful species of Staphylococcus. This is because S. aureus is coagulase-positive, while most other Staphylococcus species are coagulase-negative. As such, a coagulase test is often performed in clinical laboratories to identify S. aureus infections.
Related terms
- Coagulation: The process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a clot.
- Fibrinogen: A protein in blood plasma that is converted into fibrin during coagulation.
- Fibrin: A fibrous protein involved in the clotting of blood.
- Staphylococcus aureus: A species of bacterium that is a common cause of skin infections and food poisoning.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Coagulase
- Wikipedia's article - Coagulase
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