Chromosomal translocation
Chromosomal Translocation
Chromosomal translocation (pronunciation: kroh-muh-soh-muhl trans-loh-kay-shuhn) is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes.
Etymology
The term is derived from the Latin chroma meaning color, soma meaning body, and translocatio meaning to change place. This refers to the observable change in the colored, or stained, appearance of chromosomes under a microscope when parts have been rearranged.
Definition
A chromosomal translocation occurs when a segment of genetic material is moved from one chromosome to another, nonhomologous chromosome. This can lead to different types of genetic disorders, depending on the chromosomes involved and the location of the translocation.
Types
There are two main types of chromosomal translocations: reciprocal and Robertsonian.
- Reciprocal translocation occurs when segments from two different chromosomes have been exchanged.
- Robertsonian translocation occurs when an entire chromosome attaches to another at the centromere; this type is only seen with chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22.
Related Terms
- Genetic disorder is a disease caused by abnormalities in an individual's genetic material.
- Nonhomologous chromosomes are chromosomes that do not pair during meiosis.
- Centromere is the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Chromosomal translocation
- Wikipedia's article - Chromosomal translocation
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