Causes of Parkinson's disease
Causes of Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (pronounced: pahr-kin-suhnz dih-zeez) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The causes of Parkinson's disease are not completely understood, but they are believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors.
Genetic Factors
Approximately 15% of individuals with Parkinson's disease have a first-degree relative who also has the disease. Several specific genetic mutations have been identified, including mutations in the SNCA, PARK2, PARK7, PINK1, and LRRK2 genes. However, these mutations are rare and are primarily associated with early-onset Parkinson's disease.
Environmental Factors
Exposure to certain environmental factors has also been linked to Parkinson's disease. These include exposure to pesticides, rural living, and consumption of well water. However, the exact role of these factors in the development of Parkinson's disease is not fully understood.
Pathophysiology
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain involved in the control of movement. The loss of these neurons leads to a decrease in dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in the coordination of movement.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Causes of Parkinson's disease
- Wikipedia's article - Causes of Parkinson's disease
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