Cardiac fibrosis
Cardiac Fibrosis
Cardiac fibrosis (pronunciation: /kɑːrˈdaɪæk ˈfaɪbrəsɪs/) is a pathological condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen, in the heart tissue. This process leads to the thickening and stiffening of the heart walls, impairing its normal function.
Etymology
The term "cardiac fibrosis" is derived from the Greek words "kardia" meaning heart, and "fibrosis" from the Latin "fibra" meaning fiber. It refers to the fibrous tissue buildup in the heart.
Pathophysiology
Cardiac fibrosis is typically a response to long-term cardiac injuries or chronic diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathy. The process involves the activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which produce and secrete extracellular matrix proteins. This results in the formation of fibrous tissue, leading to the thickening and stiffening of the heart walls.
Symptoms
Symptoms of cardiac fibrosis may include shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and edema. However, many patients may remain asymptomatic until the disease has progressed significantly.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of cardiac fibrosis typically involves imaging tests such as echocardiogram, cardiac MRI, and cardiac CT. Blood tests may also be used to measure levels of certain biomarkers associated with cardiac fibrosis.
Treatment
Treatment of cardiac fibrosis aims to manage the underlying cause and alleviate symptoms. This may involve medications such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and beta blockers. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as heart transplantation may be required.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cardiac fibrosis
- Wikipedia's article - Cardiac fibrosis
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