Cancer genome sequencing
Cancer Genome Sequencing
Cancer genome sequencing (pronunciation: /ˈkænsər ˈdʒiːnoʊm ˈsiːkwənsɪŋ/) is a method used in oncology to identify the complete DNA sequence of a specific cancer cell. This technique allows scientists to understand the genetic changes that are responsible for a particular cancer.
Etymology
The term "cancer genome sequencing" is derived from the words "cancer" (from the Greek karkinos, meaning crab), "genome" (from the Greek genomos, meaning gene), and "sequencing" (from the Latin sequentia, meaning following).
Process
Cancer genome sequencing involves the extraction of DNA from cancer cells, which is then sequenced using various techniques such as next-generation sequencing. The resulting sequence is then compared to the reference genome sequence to identify variations.
Applications
Cancer genome sequencing has several applications in oncology, including the identification of novel cancer genes, understanding the evolution of cancer, and the development of personalized cancer therapies.
Related Terms
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Sequencing: The process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
- Oncology: The study and treatment of tumors.
- Cancer therapy: Treatment of cancer in a patient, often with surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
- Next-generation sequencing: High-throughput sequencing methods that parallelize the sequencing process, producing thousands or millions of sequences concurrently.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cancer genome sequencing
- Wikipedia's article - Cancer genome sequencing
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