CXCR4
CXCR4
CXCR4 (pronounced: C-X-C-R-four), also known as CD184 (cluster of differentiation 184), is a Chemokine receptor that in humans is encoded by the CXCR4 gene.
Etymology
The name CXCR4 is derived from the classification system for chemokine receptors. "CXC" refers to the presence of four conserved cysteine residues in the chemokine, and "R4" indicates that it is the fourth receptor identified in this family.
Function
CXCR4 is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family and functions as a receptor for a specific chemokine, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1 also known as CXCL12). It plays a role in many biological processes including lymphocyte migration, hematopoiesis and organogenesis. CXCR4 is also a co-receptor used by the HIV virus to gain entry into cells.
Clinical Significance
Alterations in CXCR4 expression levels or mutations in its gene sequence have been implicated in various diseases such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, and WHIM syndrome, a rare immunodeficiency disorder. In cancer, overexpression of CXCR4 has been associated with increased metastasis due to the receptor's role in cell migration.
Related Terms
- Chemokine receptor
- Stromal cell-derived factor-1
- Lymphocyte
- Hematopoiesis
- HIV
- Cancer
- Metastasis
- WHIM syndrome
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on CXCR4
- Wikipedia's article - CXCR4
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