Biological specimen
Biological specimen
A Biological specimen (pronunciation: /baɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈspɛsɪmɪn/) is a biological material, such as blood, tissue, cells, DNA, RNA, or protein, collected for laboratory analysis or study. The term is often used in medical and biological research contexts.
Etymology
The term "Biological specimen" is derived from the Latin word 'specimen' meaning 'sample', and 'biological', pertaining to biology, the study of life and living organisms.
Related terms
- Biobank: A type of biorepository that stores biological specimens for use in research.
- Biorepository: A facility that collects, catalogs, and stores samples of biological material.
- Pathology: The study of disease, its causes, processes, development, and consequences.
- Histology: The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
- Cytology: The study of cells.
Collection and preservation
Biological specimens are collected using various methods depending on the type of specimen and the reason for its collection. For example, blood samples are usually collected using a needle and syringe, while tissue samples may be collected through biopsy or surgery. Once collected, specimens are often preserved to maintain their biological integrity until they can be analyzed. Preservation methods can include refrigeration, freezing, or the use of chemical preservatives.
Use in research
Biological specimens are a critical resource in medical and biological research. They can be used to study the normal function and structure of the body, to understand disease processes, to develop and test new treatments, and to monitor the effectiveness of treatments. They can also be used in genetic research to study variations in DNA and RNA that may be associated with disease.
Ethical considerations
The collection and use of biological specimens in research often involves ethical considerations. These can include issues related to informed consent, privacy, and the use of human tissue in research. Researchers must adhere to ethical guidelines and regulations to ensure that specimens are collected and used in a manner that respects the rights and welfare of the individuals from whom they are obtained.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Biological specimen
- Wikipedia's article - Biological specimen
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