Beta-lactoglobulin

Beta-lactoglobulin (pronunciation: beɪtə læktoʊˈɡloʊbjuːlɪn) is the major whey protein of cow and sheep's milk (~3 g/l), and is also present in many other mammalian species; a notable exception being humans.

Etymology

The term "Beta-lactoglobulin" is derived from the Greek words "beta" (β), which is the second letter of the Greek alphabet, and "lacto-" and "-globulin", which are derived from the Latin words "lac" (milk) and "globus" (sphere), respectively. The term thus refers to the protein's role as a spherical protein found in milk.

Structure

Beta-lactoglobulin is a small protein of 162 residues and about 18 kDa, and has a compact, predominantly beta-sheet structure. It is a member of the lipocalin family of proteins.

Function

Beta-lactoglobulin's function in the milk of ruminant animals is not yet clear. It is able to bind many hydrophobic molecules, suggesting a role in their transport. It also seems to be able to stimulate the immune system of animals, suggesting a more direct role in immune defense.

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Beta-lactoglobulin