Aminotransferase

Aminotransferase (pronunciation: /ˌæmɪnoʊˈtrænsfəreɪz/) is a type of enzyme that facilitates the transfer of an amino group from a donor molecule to a recipient molecule, typically in the process of amino acid metabolism.

Etymology

The term "aminotransferase" is derived from the prefix "amino-", referring to an amino group, and the root "transferase", which is a class of enzymes that facilitate the transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another.

Function

Aminotransferases play a crucial role in amino acid metabolism, facilitating the transfer of an amino group from a donor molecule, usually an amino acid, to a recipient molecule, typically a keto acid. This process is known as transamination. The most common aminotransferases found in the human body are Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which are commonly used as markers for liver health.

Clinical Significance

Elevated levels of aminotransferases, particularly ALT and AST, in the blood can indicate liver damage or disease, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis. These enzymes are often measured as part of a liver function test.

Related Terms

Transaminase: Another term for aminotransferase, often used interchangeably.
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): An enzyme found primarily in the liver and kidney. It is released into the bloodstream when these organs are damaged.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): An enzyme found in a variety of tissues, including the liver and heart. Like ALT, it is released into the bloodstream when these tissues are damaged.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Aminotransferase
Wikipedia's article - Aminotransferase

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Aminotransferase