Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis (pronounced: ad-uh-no-my-O-sis) is a medical condition characterized by the growth of the endometrial tissue, which normally lines the uterus, into the muscular wall of the uterus. This condition can cause menstrual cramps, lower abdominal pressure, and bloating before menstrual periods and can result in heavy periods. The condition can be located throughout the entire uterus or localized in one spot.
Etymology
The term "Adenomyosis" is derived from the Greek words "aden" meaning gland, "myo" meaning muscle, and "osis" meaning condition. Thus, it literally translates to a condition where glands are present in the muscles.
Symptoms
Adenomyosis can be asymptomatic and thus, may not be diagnosed until it causes heavy, prolonged menstrual periods, and severe, disabling cramps. Other symptoms may include:
- Painful menstrual cramps
- Menstrual periods that last longer than usual
- Pelvic pain and pressure
- Bloating before menstrual periods
Causes
The exact cause of adenomyosis remains unknown, but the disease typically disappears after menopause. For this reason, adenomyosis is most common in middle-aged women who have had children. Some theories suggest that various hormonal factors, including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, may trigger adenomyosis.
Diagnosis
Adenomyosis is usually diagnosed through physical examination, ultrasound, MRI, or during surgery for other conditions. It can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other conditions like uterine fibroids and endometriosis.
Treatment
Treatment for adenomyosis depends on the severity of the symptoms. Non-surgical treatments include pain medication, hormone therapy, and uterine artery embolization. In severe cases, a hysterectomy may be necessary.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Adenomyosis
- Wikipedia's article - Adenomyosis
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