Zoospores
Zoospores
Zoospores (/zoʊəˈspɔːrz/), also known as swarm spores or motile spores, are a type of spore that is capable of active movement. They are produced by some protists, bacteria, and fungi, and are typically unicellular and microscopic in size.
Etymology
The term "zoospore" is derived from the Greek words "zoo-", meaning "animal", and "spora", meaning "seed". This reflects the fact that zoospores are capable of movement, a characteristic typically associated with animals, and are a means of reproduction, similar to seeds in plants.
Characteristics
Zoospores are characterized by their ability to move, which is typically achieved through the use of one or more flagella. The presence and arrangement of these flagella can vary widely among different organisms, and is often used as a means of classification. For example, some zoospores have a single, posteriorly-directed flagellum, while others have two or more flagella of varying lengths and orientations.
Zoospores are typically produced in a specialized structure known as a sporangium, and are released into the environment when the sporangium ruptures. Once released, the zoospores can swim freely in the surrounding water or soil, and can potentially colonize new habitats.
Role in Disease
In some cases, zoospores can act as agents of disease. For example, the water mold Phytophthora infestans produces zoospores that are responsible for the spread of late blight, a devastating disease of potatoes and tomatoes.
Related Terms
- Sporangium: A structure in which spores are produced.
- Flagellum: A whip-like appendage that allows for movement.
- Protist: A diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms.
- Bacteria: A type of biological cell.
- Fungi: A kingdom of spore-producing organisms.
- Phytophthora infestans: A microorganism that causes late blight in potatoes and tomatoes.
- Late Blight: A disease caused by Phytophthora infestans.
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