X-linked dominant
X-linked dominant
X-linked dominant (pronunciation: eks-linkt doh-muh-nuhnt) is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
Etymology
The term "X-linked" refers to the gene being located on the X chromosome, while "dominant" indicates that an individual needs only one copy of the gene to inherit the trait or disorder.
Definition
In an X-linked dominant inheritance, a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be expressed in females (who are typically XX) and in males (who are typically XY). This means that in a family, if a mother carries the affected X chromosome, the trait or disorder can be passed down to both sons and daughters. If the father carries the affected X chromosome, only the daughters will inherit the trait or disorder.
Related Terms
- Genetic inheritance - The process by which genetic information is passed on from parent to child. This is the foundation upon which the principles of genetics are built.
- X chromosome - One of the two sex chromosomes in humans and many other species. The X chromosome spans about 155 million base pairs and represents approximately 5% of the total DNA in cells.
- Dominant gene - A gene that will overpower another gene for the same trait. If an individual has one dominant and one recessive gene for a trait, the dominant gene will be expressed.
- Mutation - A change in a DNA sequence, usually occurring because of errors in replication or repair.
- Phenotype - The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on X-linked dominant
- Wikipedia's article - X-linked dominant
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