Uterine artery embolization

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat uterine fibroids, which are non-cancerous growths in the uterus. The procedure involves blocking the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink and die.

Procedure

Uterine artery embolization is performed by an interventional radiologist. The procedure begins with the insertion of a catheter into the femoral artery in the groin. Using fluoroscopy, the catheter is guided to the uterine arteries. Once in place, small particles are injected to block the blood flow to the fibroids. This process is known as embolization.

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Diagram of the uterine artery.

The particles used in UAE are typically made of polyvinyl alcohol or other biocompatible materials. These particles lodge in the small blood vessels that supply the fibroids, effectively cutting off their blood supply. Over time, the fibroids shrink and symptoms improve.

Indications

Uterine artery embolization is primarily indicated for women who experience significant symptoms from fibroids, such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, or pressure symptoms. It is an alternative to surgical options like hysterectomy or myomectomy.

Benefits and Risks

The benefits of UAE include a shorter recovery time compared to surgical options, preservation of the uterus, and a high success rate in symptom relief. However, there are risks associated with the procedure, including infection, pain, and potential impacts on future fertility.

Recovery

Recovery from uterine artery embolization typically involves a short hospital stay, followed by a few days of rest at home. Most women can return to normal activities within one to two weeks. Pain and cramping are common in the first few days after the procedure and can be managed with medication.

Outcomes

Studies have shown that UAE is effective in reducing fibroid size and alleviating symptoms in the majority of patients. Long-term outcomes are generally positive, with many women experiencing significant improvement in quality of life.

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Different locations of uterine fibroids.

Related pages

• Uterine fibroid
• Hysterectomy
• Myomectomy

References

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Image of a fibroid removed during surgery.