Type A and Type B personality theory

The Type A and Type B personality hypothesis describes two contrasting personality types. In this hypothesis, personalities that are more competitive, highly organized, ambitious, impatient, highly aware of time management, or aggressive are labeled Type A, while more relaxed, less neurotic, frantic, and explainable personalities are labeled Type B.

History

The Type A and Type B personality theory was first introduced in the 1950s by cardiologists Meyer Friedman and Ray H. Rosenman. They conducted a study to identify specific personality traits that might be associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Their research suggested that individuals with Type A personalities were at a higher risk of developing heart-related issues than those with Type B personalities.

Characteristics

Type A Personality

• Competitive
• Ambitious
• Impatient
• Aggressive
• Time-conscious
• Highly organized

Type B Personality

• Relaxed
• Less neurotic
• Less frantic
• Less competitive
• More easygoing

Criticism and Controversy

The Type A and Type B personality hypothesis has been criticized for its simplicity and lack of empirical support. Critics argue that the hypothesis does not account for the complexity and diversity of human personality traits. Additionally, subsequent research has found weak or inconsistent associations between Type A personality and coronary heart disease, leading to questions about the validity of the original findings.

Related Theories and Concepts

• Big Five personality traits
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

See also

• Personality psychology
• Stress (psychological)

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