Sternal cleft

Sternal cleft
Synonyms	Cleft sternum
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Visible gap or indentation in the chest wall
Complications	Respiratory distress, Cardiac anomalies
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong unless surgically corrected
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutation, Developmental defect
Risks	Genetic syndromes, Family history
Diagnosis	Physical examination, Imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Pectus excavatum, Pectus carinatum
Prevention	None
Treatment	Surgical repair
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Sternal Cleft is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a midline defect or split in the sternum, the long flat bone in the center of the chest. This condition is present at birth and can vary in severity.

Signs and Symptoms

The primary symptom of a sternal cleft is a visible gap or indentation in the middle of the chest. This can be seen and felt through the skin. In severe cases, the heart may be visible through the cleft. Other symptoms can include difficulty breathing, recurrent respiratory infections, and poor growth.

Causes

Sternal clefts are caused by a failure of the two halves of the sternum to fuse together during fetal development. This usually occurs during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. The exact cause of this failure is not known, but it is thought to be related to genetic factors.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a sternal cleft is usually made at birth, based on the visible symptoms. However, in some cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until later in life. Diagnostic tests can include a physical examination, X-rays, and CT scans.

Treatment

Treatment for a sternal cleft depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, no treatment may be necessary. In more severe cases, surgery may be required to close the cleft and protect the heart and lungs. This is usually done during infancy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with a sternal cleft is generally good, especially if the condition is diagnosed and treated early. However, complications can occur, including heart and lung problems, and recurrent respiratory infections.

See Also

• Congenital Disorders
• Sternum
• Computed Tomography