Synapses
Synapses
Synapses (pronunciation: /ˈsɪnæpsɪs/) are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Synapses allow the nervous system to connect to and control other systems of the body.
Etymology
The term "synapse" comes from the Greek words "syn" (together) and "haptein" (to clasp), which together mean "to fasten together". It was first used in the late 19th century by English physiologist Michael Foster and his student Charles Sherrington to describe the point of contact between two neurons.
Structure
A synapse consists of three parts: the presynaptic neuron, the postsynaptic neuron, and the synaptic cleft. The presynaptic neuron contains neurotransmitters, while the postsynaptic neuron contains receptors for these neurotransmitters. The synaptic cleft is the space between the two neurons.
Function
Synapses are crucial for the transmission of signals in the nervous system. When an electrical signal reaches the end of the presynaptic neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, triggering a response in that neuron.
Related Terms
- Neuron: A nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system.
- Neurotransmitter: A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.
- Presynaptic: Referring to or occurring in the neuron that releases neurotransmitters into a synapse during transmission of an impulse.
- Postsynaptic: Referring to or occurring in the neuron that receives neurotransmitters from a synapse during transmission of an impulse.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Synapses
- Wikipedia's article - Synapses
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