Subcutaneous tissue

Subcutaneous tissue (also known as the hypodermis or superficial fascia) is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The hypodermis is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. In arthropods, the hypodermis is an epidermal layer of cells that secrete the chitinous cuticle.

Structure

The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat and connective tissue that houses larger blood vessels and nerves. This layer is important in the regulation of temperature of the skin itself and the body. The size of this layer varies throughout the body and from person to person.

Function

The subcutaneous tissue in the breast contains the mammary gland. It helps in the manufacture and secretion of milk. It also provides a passageway for nerves and blood vessels to the skin. The subcutaneous tissue can be a layer of fat, in the case of adipose tissue, or it can be a layer of soft connective tissue.

Clinical significance

The subcutaneous tissue also has a critical role in the absorption of drugs and vaccines that are administered subcutaneously. For example, the insulin that diabetic patients inject subcutaneously is absorbed by the subcutaneous tissue.

See also

• Dermis
• Epidermis (skin)
• Fascia
• Adipose tissue

References

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