Spirochetes
Spirochetes
Spirochetes (pronounced: /ˈspaɪroʊˌkiːts/) are a group of bacteria that are characterized by their long, spiral shape. They belong to the phylum Spirochaetes.
Etymology
The term "spirochete" is derived from the Greek words "speira" meaning coil and "chaíte" meaning hair.
Description
Spirochetes are unique among bacteria in that they move in a corkscrew motion. This is due to the presence of flagella, whip-like appendages that are located within the cell wall of the bacteria. The flagella rotate, causing the bacteria to move in a twisting motion.
Spirochetes are Gram-negative bacteria, meaning they have a thin cell wall sandwiched between two plasma membranes. They are also anaerobic bacteria, which means they can survive in environments with little to no oxygen.
Diseases
Spirochetes are known to cause several diseases in humans, including Lyme disease, syphilis, and leptospirosis. These diseases are typically transmitted through the bite of an infected insect or animal.
Lyme Disease
Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks.
Syphilis
Syphilis is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is caused by the spirochete Leptospira interrogans. It is transmitted to humans through contact with urine from infected animals.
Treatment
Treatment for diseases caused by spirochetes typically involves antibiotics, such as doxycycline or penicillin. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Spirochetes
- Wikipedia's article - Spirochetes
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