Solid pseudopapillary tumour

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Solid pseudopapillary tumour
Cytopathology of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm
Synonyms	Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm, papillary cystic neoplasm
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, palpable mass, nausea, vomiting
Complications	Metastasis, recurrence
Onset	Typically in young women
Duration	Variable
Types
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Female gender, young age
Diagnosis	Imaging studies, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, cystic pancreatic lesions
Prevention	None
Treatment	Surgical resection
Medication
Prognosis	Generally favorable with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Solid pseudopapillary tumour (SPT), also known as solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN), is a rare type of pancreatic neoplasm that primarily affects young women. It is characterized by its low malignant potential and distinctive histological features.

Epidemiology

SPT accounts for approximately 1-2% of all pancreatic tumors. It predominantly occurs in young females, with a mean age of diagnosis around 30 years. Although rare, it can also occur in males and older individuals.]]

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Pathophysiology

The exact pathogenesis of SPT is not well understood. However, it is believed to arise from the pancreatic ductal epithelium. Genetic studies have shown mutations in the CTNNB1 gene, which encodes for beta-catenin, a protein involved in the Wnt signaling pathway.

Histopathology

SPT is characterized by a combination of solid and pseudopapillary patterns. The tumor cells are typically arranged around blood vessels, forming pseudopapillae. The presence of these pseudopapillae is a hallmark of the tumor.]]

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Cytopathology

On cytological examination, SPT shows a mixture of solid and cystic areas. The cells are usually uniform with eosinophilic cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei. Nuclear grooves and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions may be present.]]

Immunohistochemistry

SPT typically shows positive staining for beta-catenin, vimentin, and CD10. The nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin is a characteristic finding.]]

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Clinical Presentation

Patients with SPT often present with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain or a palpable abdominal mass. Due to its indolent nature, the tumor may grow to a large size before detection.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SPT is typically made through imaging studies such as CT scan or MRI, followed by histological examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen.

Treatment

The primary treatment for SPT is surgical resection. Due to its low malignant potential, complete surgical removal often results in a good prognosis. Recurrence is rare but can occur.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with SPT is generally favorable, with a high survival rate following complete surgical resection. Malignant transformation and metastasis are uncommon.

See also

• Pancreatic cancer
• Pancreatic cysts
• Neoplasm