Sodium hydroxide

Sodium Hydroxide (also known as caustic soda or lye) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na+ and hydroxide anions OH−.

Chemical Properties

Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air.

Production

Sodium hydroxide is industrially produced as a 50% solution by variations of the electrolytic Chloralkali process. Solid sodium hydroxide is obtained from this solution by the evaporation of water.

Uses

Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries, mostly as a strong chemical base in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents and as a drain cleaner.

Safety

Sodium hydroxide is a dangerous chemical due to its ability to hydrolyze protein. If a dilute solution is spilled on the skin, it may not cause immediate pain, but it can lead to severe injury.

See Also

• Acid
• Base (chemistry)
• PH
• Saponification

References

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