Lithotripsy

Lithotripsy is a medical procedure used to treat kidney stones and gallstones. It involves the use of shock waves to break up stones that form in the kidney, bladder, ureters, or gallbladder. The procedure is non-invasive and can be performed on an outpatient basis.

History

The concept of using shock waves to break up stones in the body was first proposed in the early 20th century. However, it was not until the 1980s that the first Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) machine was developed. This machine, known as the Dornier HM3, was first used in clinical practice in 1980.

Procedure

During a lithotripsy procedure, the patient lies on a water-filled cushion. The doctor uses X-rays or ultrasound tests to precisely locate the stone. High-energy sound waves pass through the body without injuring it and break the stone into small pieces. These small pieces can then pass from the body along with urine.

Types of Lithotripsy

There are two types of lithotripsy procedures: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and Laser Lithotripsy.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

ESWL is the most common type of lithotripsy. It uses shock waves that are generated outside the body to crush the stone inside the body. The procedure usually lasts about an hour and can cause moderate pain, so sedation or light anesthesia is typically used.

Laser Lithotripsy

In Laser Lithotripsy, a small fiber optic probe is inserted into the ureter to reach the stone. A laser is then used to break up the stone. This procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia.

Risks and Complications

Like all medical procedures, lithotripsy carries some risks. These may include bleeding, infections, and damage to the kidneys. In some cases, the stone may not be completely broken up and additional treatments may be needed.

See Also

• Kidney stones
• Gallstones
• Urolithiasis
• Ureteroscopy

References

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