Shema

Jewish prayer and declaration of faith

Inscription of the Shema on the Knesset Menorah

The Shema is a central declaration of faith in Judaism, traditionally recited twice daily as part of the morning and evening prayers. It is considered one of the most important prayers in the Jewish liturgy, encapsulating the monotheistic essence of Judaism.

Text and Structure

The Shema consists of three biblical passages: Deuteronomy 6:4–9, 11:13–21, and Numbers 15:37–41. The first verse, "Hear, O Israel: the Lord our God, the Lord is one" (Deuteronomy 6:4), is the core declaration of the Shema.

First Paragraph

The first paragraph of the Shema

The first paragraph (Deuteronomy 6:4–9) emphasizes the oneness of God and the commandment to love God with all one's heart, soul, and might. It instructs the faithful to keep these words in their heart, teach them to their children, and speak of them in daily life.

Second Paragraph

The second paragraph (Deuteronomy 11:13–21) reiterates the importance of loving and serving God, promising rain and abundance for obedience and warning of drought and exile for disobedience. It emphasizes the reward and punishment aspect of the covenant between God and the Israelites.

Third Paragraph

The third paragraph (Numbers 15:37–41) introduces the commandment of tzitzit, the fringes worn on the corners of garments, as a reminder of the commandments. It concludes with a reminder of the Exodus from Egypt, reinforcing the theme of divine deliverance and covenant.

Significance in Jewish Tradition

The Shema is recited as part of the Shacharit (morning) and Ma'ariv (evening) services. It is also included in the Bedtime Shema and is traditionally the last words a Jew says before death. The Shema is a declaration of faith, a pledge of allegiance to the one God, and a reminder of the covenant between God and the Jewish people.

Historical Context

The Shema has been a central part of Jewish identity throughout history

The Shema has been a central part of Jewish identity and practice since ancient times. It is mentioned in the Talmud and has been a part of Jewish liturgy for centuries. The Shema has also been a source of inspiration and strength for Jewish communities throughout history, especially during times of persecution.

Interpretations and Commentaries

Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi, a prominent commentator on the Shema

Many Jewish scholars and commentators have written extensively on the Shema, exploring its theological, philosophical, and mystical dimensions. For example, Maimonides emphasized the Shema's role in affirming the unity of God, while Kabbalistic interpretations focus on the mystical significance of the words and their connection to the divine.

Related Pages

• Judaism
• Jewish prayer
• Tefillin
• Mezuzah
• Tzitzit