Fowler's position

Fowler's position is a standard patient position used in the medical and nursing field. It is an intervention used to promote oxygenation via maximum chest expansion and is implemented during events of respiratory distress. Fowler's position facilitates the relaxing of tension on the abdominal muscles, allowing for improved breathing. In addition to improved ventilation, Fowler's position is used for patients who have difficulty sleeping due to difficulty breathing, have head or brain injuries, or who have undergone spinal surgery.

Definition

Fowler's position is defined as a semi-sitting position with the head of the bed raised to an angle of 45 to 60 degrees. Variations of Fowler's position include: low Fowler's, where the head of the bed is raised 15 to 30 degrees; semi-Fowler's, where the head of the bed is raised 30 to 45 degrees; and high Fowler's, where the head of the bed is raised 80 to 90 degrees.

Uses

Fowler's position is used for a variety of medical and surgical conditions. It is commonly used for patients who have difficulty breathing because it decreases the effort of breathing and improves lung expansion. It is also used for patients who have had spinal surgery or an injury to the brain, as it decreases intracranial pressure. Other uses include during feeding to reduce the risk of aspiration and to aid in the digestion of food.

Risks

While Fowler's position can aid in patient comfort and treatment, it is not without risks. These can include a decrease in blood pressure upon sitting up, known as orthostatic hypotension, and an increase in pressure sores due to the increased pressure on the sacrum and heels.

See also

• Patient positioning
• Orthostatic hypotension
• Pressure ulcers

References

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