Peritoneal cavity

Peritoneal cavity is a potential space between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum, the two membranes that separate the organs in the abdominal cavity from the abdominal wall. It is a part of the abdominal cavity, and is connected to the pleural cavity via the peritoneal canal.

Anatomy

The peritoneal cavity is divided into two portions, the greater sac and the lesser sac. The greater sac, also known as the general peritoneal cavity, is the larger of the two. It extends across the abdomen and is connected to the lesser sac by the epiploic foramen. The lesser sac, also known as the omental bursa, is the smaller portion, situated behind the stomach and liver.

Function

The peritoneal cavity is filled with a small amount of peritoneal fluid. This fluid acts as a lubricant, allowing the organs within the abdominal cavity to move freely without causing friction. It also helps to protect the organs from infection and injury.

Clinical significance

Conditions that can affect the peritoneal cavity include peritonitis, which is inflammation of the peritoneum, and ascites, which is the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. These conditions can be caused by a variety of factors, including infection, trauma, or disease of the liver or kidneys.

See also

• Abdominal cavity
• Pleural cavity
• Peritoneum
• Peritonitis
• Ascites

References

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