Roman numeral
Roman numeral
Roman numerals (pronunciation: /ˈroʊmən ˈnumərəl/) are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.
Etymology
The term "Roman numeral" comes from the Latin word "numerus" meaning "number" and "Romanus" meaning "of Rome".
Description
Roman numerals are based on certain letters of the alphabet which are combined to signify the sum (or, in some cases, the difference) of their values. The basic symbols in Roman numerals are:
- I for 1
- V for 5
- X for 10
- L for 50
- C for 100
- D for 500
- M for 1000
The use of these symbols follows certain rules to express particular values. For example, when a smaller numeral appears before a larger one, it is subtracted. Thus, IV represents 4 (5 - 1) and IX represents 9 (10 - 1).
Related Terms
- Arabic numerals: The decimal number system that is most commonly used today, which was developed by Indian mathematicians and introduced to Europe through Arabic mathematicians.
- Numeral system: A way of expressing numbers using a consistent set of symbols.
- Ancient Rome: The civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, which established the Roman numerals.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Roman numeral
- Wikipedia's article - Roman numeral
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