Retinoic acid

Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) that mediates the functions of vitamin A required for growth and development. Retinoic acid is necessary for the development of various parts of the body including the eye, skin, lung, and various parts of the brain. It also plays a role in immune function and reproduction.

Chemistry

Retinoic acid is a member of the retinoid family of compounds, which are derivatives of vitamin A. It is a light yellow to orange crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents and slightly soluble in water. It is sensitive to light, heat, and air, and can be oxidized to form a variety of products.

Biosynthesis

Retinoic acid is synthesized in the body from dietary vitamin A. The process begins with the conversion of vitamin A to retinaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Retinaldehyde is then converted to retinoic acid by the enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase.

Function

Retinoic acid acts as a signaling molecule in the body, regulating the expression of genes involved in cell differentiation, growth, and development. It binds to the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), which then binds to specific regions of DNA, influencing the transcription of certain genes.

Clinical significance

Retinoic acid has been used in the treatment of various skin conditions, including acne and psoriasis. It is also used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, a type of cancer in which there is an excess of immature blood cells in the bone marrow.

See also

• Vitamin A
• Retinoid
• Retinaldehyde
• Retinoic acid receptor

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Retinoic_acid

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  Active vitamin A with stereochemistry E isomer
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  Retinoic acid 3D ball