Peptide bond
Peptide Bond
A Peptide bond (pronounced: /ˈpepˌtīd bänd/) is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O). This is a dehydration synthesis reaction, also known as a condensation reaction.
Etymology
The term "peptide" was coined in 1902 by the German chemist Emil Fischer. It is derived from the Greek word "πεπτός" (peptos), meaning "digested", referring to the fact that peptides are formed by the digestion of proteins.
Formation
A peptide bond is formed during protein synthesis. In the ribosome, an amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain by the formation of a peptide bond in a process called peptide bond formation or peptidyl transfer.
Structure
The peptide bond is a covalent bond. It is formed when the carbon atom (C) in the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom (N) in the amino group of another amino acid. This forms a C-N bond. The released water molecule (H2O) is made up of two hydrogen atoms from the amino group and one oxygen atom from the carboxyl group.
Properties
Peptide bonds are very stable and resistant to hydrolysis. They have a partial double-bond character, which restricts the rotation of the peptide backbone and gives proteins their secondary structure.
Related Terms
- Amino Acid: The building blocks of proteins, which are connected by peptide bonds.
- Polypeptide: A chain of amino acids connected by peptide bonds.
- Protein: A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order; the order is determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the gene coding for the protein.
- Protein Synthesis: The process by which proteins are produced, or synthesized, in living cells according to the genetic code.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Peptide bond
- Wikipedia's article - Peptide bond
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