Pentose

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Pentose is a type of monosaccharide that consists of five carbon atoms. Pentoses are important components of many biologically active substances. They are classified into two groups: aldopentoses, which have an aldehyde functional group, and ketopentoses, which have a ketone functional group.

Structure and Classification

Pentoses are five-carbon sugars. They can be classified into two main types based on the functional group present: aldopentoses and ketopentoses. Aldopentoses have an aldehyde functional group (-CHO) at the end of the molecule, while ketopentoses have a ketone functional group (=O) within the molecule.

Biological Importance

Pentoses are crucial components of many biologically important molecules. For example, ribose and deoxyribose, which are both aldopentoses, are integral parts of RNA and DNA, respectively. Ribose is also a component of ATP, NADH, and several other compounds that are critical to metabolism.

Examples of Pentoses

Some examples of pentoses include:

  • Ribose: A component of RNA, ATP, and other biologically important compounds.
  • Deoxyribose: A component of DNA.
  • Xylose: A sugar found in wood and straw.
  • Arabinose: A sugar found in both mono- and di-saccharide forms in nature.
  • Lyxose: A sugar found in bacteria and some plants.

See Also

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Pentose

  • D-arabinose

  • D-lyxose

  • D-Ribose

  • Xylose (linear form)

  • Arabinose

  • Lyxose

  • L-ribose

  • L-xylose

  • Ribulose

  • D-xylulose

  • L-ribulose

  • Xylulose

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD