Labyrinthitis

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Labyrinthitis
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting
Complications	Chronic dizziness, hearing impairment
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Days to weeks
Types	N/A
Causes	Viral infection, bacterial infection, autoimmune disease
Risks	Upper respiratory tract infection, ear infection, stress
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, audiometry, electronystagmography
Differential diagnosis	Vestibular neuritis, Ménière's disease, acoustic neuroma
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Vestibular rehabilitation, corticosteroids, antihistamines, antiemetics
Medication	Meclizine, prochlorperazine, prednisone
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	Rare

Labyrinthitis is an inner ear condition characterized by inflammation of the labyrinth, the part of the ear responsible for coordinating balance.

Gray920

Introduction and Causes

The labyrinth is a delicate structure located in the inner ear that helps control balance and hearing. Inflammation in this region, often caused by viral or bacterial infections, can result in labyrinthitis. The most common viral causes include flu, mumps, measles, and herpes viruses. Bacterial labyrinthitis, though rarer, is usually a result of bacterial meningitis or a middle ear infection.

Symptoms

• Symptoms of labyrinthitis include:
• Vertigo: A sensation of moving or spinning when you're standing still
• Nausea and vomiting
• Tinnitus: Ringing or buzzing noise in the ears
• Hearing loss
• These symptoms can range from mild to severe, with the potential to significantly disrupt daily activities due to balance difficulties.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and review of medical history. Clinicians may check for signs of involuntary eye movement (nystagmus), balance issues, and hearing loss. Additional tests such as MRI or CT scans may be employed to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment of labyrinthitis focuses on managing symptoms and treating the underlying cause. Antiviral or antibacterial medications may be used to treat the infection. Symptomatic treatment can include drugs for nausea, antihistamines, and medications to reduce dizziness and vertigo. In some cases, vestibular rehabilitation therapy might be recommended to improve balance.

Prognosis and Long-Term Effects

In most cases, labyrinthitis resolves within a few weeks, and hearing usually returns to normal. However, in rare cases, the condition can cause permanent hearing loss or chronic vertigo.

Prevention

Prevention of labyrinthitis is often related to maintaining general good health. This includes practices such as hand hygiene to avoid infection and keeping the immune system strong through healthy diet and regular exercise.

References

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