Nitrogenous base

A Nitrogenous base (pronounced: /ˈnaɪtrədʒɪnəs beɪs/) is a fundamental component of nucleotides, which are the basic building blocks of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

Etymology

The term "Nitrogenous base" is derived from the fact that these bases contain nitrogen atoms in their structure. The word "base" in this context refers to the chemical property of these compounds, which can accept protons and are often involved in hydrogen bonding.

Types of Nitrogenous Bases

There are two main types of nitrogenous bases: Purines and Pyrimidines.

Purines (pronounced: /ˈpjʊərɪn/) are larger, double-ring structures that include adenine (A) and guanine (G).
Pyrimidines (pronounced: /paɪˈrɪmɪdiːn/) are smaller, single-ring structures that include cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Role in Genetic Code

Nitrogenous bases play a crucial role in the formation of the genetic code. The sequence of these bases in DNA and RNA molecules determines the genetic information carried by these molecules. This information is used by cells to produce proteins, which are essential for most functions within the body.

Related Terms

Nucleotide: A compound consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule, and one or more phosphate groups.
Base Pair: A pair of nitrogenous bases in a DNA or RNA molecule.
Genetic Code: The set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Nitrogenous base
Wikipedia's article - Nitrogenous base

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Nitrogenous base