Microbiota

Microbiota refers to the assemblage of microorganisms present in a specific environment. In a broader context, it is often used to denote the community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that literally share our body space. This complex ecosystem plays a crucial role in human health.

Composition

The human microbiota consists of a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The largest numbers of microorganisms are found in the gut flora, but they also exist on the skin, in the airways, and other body parts.

Role in Health

The microbiota plays a vital role in the body's health. It helps in digestion, produces vitamins, and trains the immune system. Some members of the microbiota can cause diseases, but they are usually kept in check by the rest of the microbiota.

Role in Disease

Changes in the microbiota can lead to diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and diseases of the gut such as inflammatory bowel disease. The microbiota can also affect the brain, leading to conditions like autism.

Research

Research into the microbiota is a rapidly growing field, with new discoveries being made on a regular basis. This research is leading to new understandings of diseases and potential new treatments.

See Also

• Gut flora
• Human Microbiome Project
• Probiotics

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