Meningismus
Meningismus
Meningismus (pronunciation: /mɛnɪnˈdʒɪzməs/) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the triad of nuchal rigidity, photophobia, and headache, mimicking the symptoms of meningitis but without actual inflammation of the meninges.
Etymology
The term "meningismus" is derived from the Greek word "meninx" meaning "membrane", referring to the meninges, and the suffix "-ismus" indicating a condition or state. It was first used in medical literature in the late 19th century.
Symptoms
Meningismus presents with symptoms similar to those of meningitis, including:
- Headache
- Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
- Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck)
- Brudzinski's sign and Kernig's sign (clinical signs of meningeal irritation)
However, unlike meningitis, meningismus does not involve actual inflammation of the meninges.
Causes
Meningismus can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Brain tumor
- Migraine
- Certain infections not involving the meninges
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of meningismus involves ruling out meningitis through tests such as a lumbar puncture to examine the cerebrospinal fluid. Other diagnostic tests may include MRI or CT scan to identify any underlying conditions causing the symptoms.
Treatment
Treatment of meningismus is aimed at addressing the underlying cause of the symptoms. This may involve medication for pain relief, treatment of any identified infections, or in some cases, surgical intervention.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Meningismus
- Wikipedia's article - Meningismus
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