Buccal nerve

Branch of the mandibular nerve

The buccal nerve is a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve, which is itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). It is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the skin over the buccinator muscle and the mucous membrane of the cheek.

Anatomy

The buccal nerve arises from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. It travels anteriorly, passing between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle. It then continues its course to the cheek, where it pierces the buccinator muscle to reach the mucous membrane of the cheek.

Diagram of the mandibular nerve, showing the buccal nerve.

Course

The buccal nerve begins its course in the infratemporal fossa, a space located below the base of the skull. It travels forward, passing between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle. As it continues its path, it runs along the surface of the buccinator muscle, eventually piercing it to supply the mucous membrane of the cheek.

Branches

The buccal nerve does not have any significant branches. It is primarily a sensory nerve, providing sensation to the skin and mucous membrane of the cheek.

Function

The primary function of the buccal nerve is to provide sensory innervation. It supplies sensation to the skin over the buccinator muscle and the mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the cheek. This sensory input is important for the perception of touch, pain, and temperature in the cheek area.

Dissection showing the buccal nerve.

Clinical significance

The buccal nerve is sometimes involved in dental procedures, particularly those involving the lower molars. Anesthesia of the buccal nerve may be required to ensure that the patient does not feel pain during such procedures. Damage to the buccal nerve can result in loss of sensation in the cheek area, which can affect the patient's ability to perceive touch and temperature changes.

Related pages

• Mandibular nerve
• Trigeminal nerve
• Buccinator muscle
• Lateral pterygoid muscle

The buccal nerve in relation to the mandibular nerve.