Information technology

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Information Technology

Information Technology (pronunciation: /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən tɛkˈnɒlədʒi/) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information. It is typically used within the context of business operations as opposed to personal or entertainment technologies.

Etymology

The term "Information Technology" was coined by the Harvard Business Review, in order to make a distinction between purpose-built machines designed to perform a limited scope of functions, and general-purpose computing machines that could be programmed for various tasks. As the IT industry evolved from the mid-20th century, computing capability advanced while device cost and energy consumption fell lower, a cycle that continues today when new technologies emerge.

Related Terms

  • Computer Science: The study of algorithmic processes, computational machines and computation itself. As a discipline, computer science spans a range of topics from theoretical studies of algorithms, computation and information to the practical issues of implementing computational systems in hardware and software.
  • Data Management: The practice of collecting, keeping, and using data securely, efficiently, and cost-effectively. The goal of data management is to help people, organizations, and connected things optimize the use of data within the bounds of policy and regulation so that they can make decisions and take actions that maximize the benefit to the organization.
  • Software Development: The process of conceiving, specifying, designing, programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in creating and maintaining applications, frameworks, or other software components.
  • Network Administration: The activities, methods, procedures, and tools that pertain to the operation, administration, maintenance, and provisioning of networked systems.
  • Cybersecurity: The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks. These cyberattacks are usually aimed at accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive information; extorting money from users; or interrupting normal business processes.
  • Artificial Intelligence: The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using the rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions), and self-correction.

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