Imipenem-cilastatin
Imipenem-cilastatin
Imipenem-cilastatin (pronounced as im-i-PEN-em sye-la-STAT-in) is a combination medication used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. It is a member of the carbapenem class of antibiotics, which are known for their broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Etymology
The name "imipenem" is derived from the compound's chemical structure, which includes an imino group and a penem group. The "cilastatin" part of the name refers to the compound's ability to inhibit the enzyme dehydropeptidase, which is responsible for the breakdown of imipenem in the kidneys.
Usage
Imipenem-cilastatin is used to treat severe infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. These include infections of the skin, lungs, urinary tract, and abdominal organs. It is also used in the treatment of bacteremia, a condition where bacteria are present in the bloodstream.
Mechanism of Action
Imipenem works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death. Cilastatin, on the other hand, prevents the degradation of imipenem in the kidneys, thereby increasing its concentration in the body and enhancing its antibacterial effect.
Side Effects
Common side effects of imipenem-cilastatin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash. Serious side effects may include seizures, allergic reactions, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
Related Terms
- Carbapenem: A class of antibiotics to which imipenem belongs.
- Dehydropeptidase: An enzyme inhibited by cilastatin to prevent the breakdown of imipenem.
- Bacteremia: A condition treated by imipenem-cilastatin, characterized by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.
- Clostridium difficile: A bacterium that can cause severe diarrhea as a side effect of imipenem-cilastatin treatment.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Imipenem-cilastatin
- Wikipedia's article - Imipenem-cilastatin
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