Hmong

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Hmong (pronunciation: /ˈmʊŋ/ or /ˈhmʊŋ/)

The Hmong are an ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity (苗族) in southern China. Hmong groups began a gradual southward migration in the 18th century due to political unrest and to find more arable land.

Etymology

The term "Hmong" is an exonym and an endonym, both derived from the word "Mong". In the Hmong language, "Mong" means "free people".

Related Terms

  • Hmong language: The Hmong language is a dialect continuum of the Hmong-Mien languages, spoken by the Hmong of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos.
  • Hmong customs and culture: Hmong culture is a rich tapestry of traditions and beliefs, which includes a unique system of clan kinship, a calendar of traditional rituals and festivals, and a strong tradition of textile artistry.
  • Hmong history: The history of the Hmong people is difficult to trace; they have an oral tradition, but there are no written records except where other people have encountered them.
  • Hmong Americans: Hmong Americans are Americans of Hmong descent. Most Hmong Americans are those that emigrated to the United States as refugees in the late 1970s, and their descendants.
  • Hmong in Laos: The Hmong people have been marginalized, fought against, and subjected to numerous human rights abuses throughout their history in Laos.

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